Multi-scale Simulation of Complex Systems: A Perspective of Integrating Knowledge and Data ACM Computing Surveys

The damaged area continuously expands towards the left and upward from the initial landslide zone, resulting in the emergence of multiple tensile and shear cracks on the left side. In the final stage, the upper rock mass of F60 fault experiences damage and tensile failure, culminating in the complete failure of the entire slope. Despite extensive research on landslide mechanisms, the impact of multiple faults on landslides has received limited attention. Slope landslides influenced by multiple faults present a complex geological challenge, making it difficult to fully understand the landslide mechanisms.

Methods

• Applying NetFlow3D to the TCGA pan-cancer dataset has yielded a multiscale functional map of somatic mutations in cancer (Fig. 5).
• 10a, it can be seen that there are mainly five kinds of elements in the hydration products, namely, O, Ca, Al, Si, and C, of which the mass percentage of elemental Ca is 15.89, and the value of the calcium-silicon ratio at this time is 1.05; the joint XRD test found that, as shown in Fig.
• The occurrence of landslides is influenced by various factors, among which geological structure and lithology play a decisive role9,10,11,12,13,14.
• The simulation results aligned well with field surveys and InSAR monitoring data.
• Relative length is defined as the sum of protein sequence lengths within each set divided by the total sequence length of all proteins with in-frame mutations.
• 8, it can be seen that within the range of the experiment, as the water-to-solid ratio increases, the peak compressive strength of the specimens gradually decreases, and the rate of decrease in peak compressive strength increases when the water-to-solid ratio exceeds 0.26.

Moreover, single protein structures alone (even if covering every human protein) are still not enough for the comprehensive identification of all 3D clusters. This is because many driver mutations accumulate at the binding interfaces of cancer-related PPIs22,45,46. Only looking at individual proteins will split inter-protein 3D clusters into smaller fragments on individual proteins, making them harder to identify.

Landslide location

• In this study, we introduce UMSSNet, a versatile method for medical image segmentation that leverages data from heterogeneous medical images across different scales.
• Finally, we analyze the current challenges and opportunities, including the standardization of battery measurements, the quantification of mechanical failures, and the correlation between mechanical failures and electrochemical performance.
• By 2021, additional excavation extended the slope to the 298 m bench, triggering a similar surface landslide along the 298–574 m bench.
• PFC3D is used as a particle flow program, and the overall destructive deformation of the model is manifested as destructive fracture of the contact between the rigid particles at the fine scale level.
• InSAR monitoring was utilized to calculate the vertical and horizontal deformation time series within the study area, allowing for a detailed analysis of the deformation characteristics of these landslides.

During the intermediate stage of the landslide, failure expands laterally from the left side, as reflected by stress reduction at P4 and P5-P6. For the Fn-2 fault, failure initiates at the lower section and propagates upward, with stress reduction at P6 preceding that at P5. The Programming language upward propagation of failure also causes stress reduction at P4 (F7 fault) to occur at a later stage. In the final stage, the Fn-1 fault exhibits bottom-to-top failure, with stress reduction at P7 preceding that at P8. This sequential pattern of stress reduction along the faults closely aligns with the landslide failure process. By analyzing variations in fault stress differentials, distinct failure stages can be identified, enabling effective predictions of the landslide evolution.

Real-World Applications of Multiple-Scale Analysis

Urban https://wizardsdev.com/en/news/ planners use multiple-scale analysis to design sustainable and resilient cities. The microscopic product morphology of the specimens with different water–solid ratios is shown in Fig. The axial load–displacement curve of Group A specimens during the loading process is shown in Fig. 5a, and the axial load–displacement curve of Group B specimens during the loading process is shown in Fig. This analysis demonstrates that Zone 1 is a critical block, with its failure governing the movement of Zones 2 and 3. Zone 4 serves as the primary anti-slip zone, and its movement ultimately triggers slope failure, controlling the movement of Zones 5, 6, and 7.

This includes in-frame mutations that, despite not clustering on 3D protein structures, are still functional in cancer. For example, mutations impacting protein stability often occur within the core of proteins, altering function without targeting specific residues. Similarly, mutations in intrinsically disordered regions (IDRs) can markedly disrupt overall protein flexibility.

Hybrid High-Order Methods

Zheng et al.21 demonstrated through numerical simulations that faults play a crucial role in shaping the formation and failure patterns of landslides in mountainous regions. Studies by Brideau and Stead22 and Huang et al.23 highlight that geological structures significantly influence landslides through the formation of separation surfaces or composite failure surfaces with low residual or peak strength, often caused by rock mass fatigue, faults, and joints. Zheng et al.24 employed UDEC to analyze the impact of fault orientation on slope stability, establishing a relationship between the safety factor of the slope and fault parameters. Further, research by Li et al.25 and Yuan et al.26 on the failure modes of anti-dip slopes in the Fushun West open-pit mine identified that structural planes and weak layers not only accelerate toppling failures but also induce shear failures. For instance, Adhikary and Dyskin27, Amini et al.28 and Zhang et al.29 demonstrated through physical models that landslides often occur due to joint displacement and connectivity. Zhao et al.30 examined the impact of faults on the stability of undercut slopes under excavation conditions using physical modeling.